The Rocky Road to Liberty

A Documented History of

Chinese American Immigration and Exclusion

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I:  Introduction

1. Overview of the Chinese Exclusion Act (CEA)
2. 排华法案历史简介
3. Chinese American Immigration History Time Line
4. 十九世纪美国政府对旅美华工的政策演变
5. Our Roots in History 亚裔在美国的故事
6. 吴剑雄：美国排华运动与排华法案之成立
7. Chinese Exclusion Laws and the U.S.-China Relationship by Haiming Liu

II: Rocky Road

1. The Voyage of the “Coolie” Ship Kate Hooper (By Robert J. Plowman)
2. California Gold Rush and the Chinese (1848–1855)
   • Gold Rush and Anti-Chinese Race Hatred
   • Chinese in the California Nevada City during Gold Rush
   • 淘金热与美国的「西进运动」
3. The Chinese during the Transcontinental Railroad Period (1863-1869)
   • The Chinese and the Transcontinental Railroad
   • Chinese-American Contribution to Transcontinental Railroad
   • 横贯北美大陆的铁路和华工
4. The Anti-Chinese Movements
   • Anti-Chinese Agitation
   • The Anti-Chinese Hysteria of 1885-1886
   • The Wyoming Massacre
   • Anti-Chinese Riot at Seattle
   • Anti-Chinese Violence
5. The Angel Island
   • 天使岛简介
6. McCarthyism (1947 – 1957)
   • The “Loss” of China
   • 麦卡锡主义对华裔美国人的影响

III: Historical Documents

1. Related US-China Treaties
   • Treaty of Tientsin (1858)
   • The Burlingame Treaty (1868)
   • 试析1868 年《蒲安臣条约》与近代美国排华风潮之干系
   • Angell Treaty (1880)
2. California’s Anti-Chinese Laws as Prelude
   • American Coolie Trade (NY Times 1860)
   • California’s Anti-Coolie Act of 1862
3. Chinese Exclusion Acts
   • The Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
   • The Scott Act (1888)
   • The Geary Act (1892)
   • The Chinese Exclusion Laws Made Indefinite (1902-1904)
     • The Scott Act (1902)
     • The Chinese Exclusion Extension Act (1904)
   • Asian Exclusion Act(1924)
     • The 1924 Johnson-Reed Immigration Act
4. Messages and Papers of the Presidents (1879-1897)
   • President Benjamin Harrison (1989-1891)
   • President Grover Cleveland (1893)
5. Supreme Court Rulings Related to the CEA
   • Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886)
   • United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898)
   • Weedin, Commissioner of Immigration, v. Chin Bow （1927）
6. Counter Acts to CEA:
   • President Rutherford B. Hayes vetoes the CEA (1879)
   • Senator Hoar against the CEA (1882)
   • The Morse-Everett Amendment (1893)
   • Mark Twain’s Observations (1849-1900)
   • Soong May-Ling and Chinese Women’s Association, Inc. appeal to President F. D. Roosevelt (1943)
7. Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act
   • President Urges Congress Repeal Chinese Exclusion Act as War Aid (NY Times 1943)
   • The Magnuson Act (1943)

IV: Government Apologies

1. Chronicle of Government Apologies
   • The Japanese American Internment and Apology
   • Apology of House Leaders on Slavery
   • Apologies to Native Americans
     • House Resolution of Apology to Native Americans
     • Senate Resolution of Apology to Native Americans
2. San Francisco City Apologizes to Chinese Americans (2009)
3. California State Apologizes to Chinese Americans (2009)

V: Road to Liberty

1. Today, Chapter 7 of Title 8 of the United States Code is still headed, “Exclusion of Chinese.”